Muva nje, uSun Rong kanye nabanye abacwaningi abahlobene nabo abavela eShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, iChinese Academy of Sciences baphakamise isu elilula lokwelapha ukushisa lesinyathelo esisodwa ukuze kulungiswe izinto zefoam zesiliva/i-graphene oxide ezifakwe i-carbonized melamine (CMF/rGO/Ag) ezifakwe i-carbonized zinikeze izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvikela i-EMI (EMI SE).
Ukwanda kokuxhumana kwe-5G kanye namafoni ahlakaniphile kuye kwandisa inkinga yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic kungabangela ukulahleka kwedatha, ukwehluleka kwesistimu, futhi kubeke impilo yabantu engozini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokuvikela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinobukhulu obuphansi kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle kwemishini kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokucindezela ukungcola noma imisebe ye-electromagnetic eyingozi.
Ngezinto zensimbi zendabuko, ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwegesi bekulokhu kuyisu eliyinhloko lokufeza izinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha ze-nanomaterial ezifana ne-graphene, ama-carbon nanotubes, kanye ne-MXene nazo zibikwe ukuthi zinokusebenza okuphezulu kokuvikela i-EMI.
Ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza eguquguqukayo kakhulu yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, lezi zinto zicutshungulwa zibe yifomu le-foam noma lefilimu ukuze kuvikelwe i-EMI. Uma kuqhathaniswa nefomu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzisa i-foam, amafilimu aqinile abonisa ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu komoya.
Ukuqhuba okuphezulu kungakhiqiza ngqo i-EMI SE ephezulu ngokubonakalisa amaza kagesi angabonakali ngokuqinile.
Isibonelo, i-coefficient yokubonakaliswa kwamagagasi kagesi ezinsimbi eziqhuba kakhulu imvamisa idlula u-90%, okusho ukuthi u-90% wamagagasi kagesi ahlaselayo azobonakala esikhaleni esikhululekile.
Amagagasi kagesi abonakalisiwe angabangela nokungcoliswa okukhulu kwemisebe kagesi yesibili. Kusese yinselele ukuthola izinto zokuvikela ze-EMI ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezine-electromagnetic wave reflection coefficient ephansi.
Izinto zokuvikela ezifana ne-foam zakhiwe ngesakhiwo esinezimbobo. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula, ukucindezelwa okuhle komshini kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela i-EMI, inamandla amakhulu okufaka esikhundleni sezinto zokuvikela zensimbi eziqinile zendabuko.
Ikakhulukazi, isakhiwo esinezimbobo senza izinto zokuvikela ezifana ne-foam zibe nokukhanya okusobala okuningi kumaza kagesi ahlaselayo, ukuze i-foam ikwazi ukumunca nokunciphisa amaza kagesi. Kubikwe ukuthi isakhiwo esinezimbobo sizothuthukisa ukumuncwa kwamaza kagesi yi-MXene.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto eziqinile, isakhiwo esinezimbobo sinekhono elingcono lokufanisa i-electromagnetic wave impedance, futhi singenza amagagasi kagesi angene esakhiweni sangaphakathi se-shielding foam. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokuvikela i-EMI ezine-coefficient yokubonakalisa ephansi kanye ne-high absorption coefficient kufanele zibe ne-impedance matching enhle (ukubonakalisa okuphansi) kanye ne-multiple reflection ephezulu. Isibonelo, izakhiwo ezinezingqimba, izakhiwo ezinezingqimba eziningi kanye nezakhiwo ze-isotropic sezilungisiwe, ezine-EMI SE ephezulu kanye ne-absorption coefficients. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye eziningi zivame ukuhilela ukucutshungulwa kwezinyathelo eziningi, futhi ukuguquguquka kwemishini kubi.
I-foam ye-polyimide eboshwe ngesiliva yalungiswa ngendlela yokufutha ngokomzimba, futhi ubuningi bayo babungu-23kg/m3. I-foam ye-melamine eboshwe ngesiliva yalungiswa ngokufaka amakhemikhali. I-foam ye-melamine eboshwe ngesiliva elungisiwe ine-EMI ephezulu ye-SE engu-90 dB kanye nokuqukethwe kwesiliva okungu-63.5 wt%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa indlela ye-polymethacrylimide hybrid foam eboshwe ngethusi/nickel kanye ne-nanofiber electromagnetic interference shielding electroless plating method.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungafani okungokwemvelo kwesikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwensimbi eqinile nohlaka oluguquguqukayo, izinto zokuvikela i-foam yensimbi ezilungiselelwe nge-electroplating, i-electroless plating kanye ne-physical spray zinezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini. Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi kanye nohlaka lwe-foam oluguquguqukayo kanye nokufeza izinto zokuvikela i-foam yensimbi ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kusagcwele izinselele.
Kulesi sifundo, umbhali uphakamise isu elilula lokwelapha ukushisa lesinyathelo esisodwa ukulungiselela izinto ze-foam ezihlanganisiwe zesiliva/i-graphene oxide ezifakwe i-carbonized melamine (CMF/rGO/Ag) ezilula, ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvikela i-EMI (EMI SE). Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kohlaka oluhlanganisiwe kanye nesiliva, i-foam ye-CMF/rGO/Ag ibonise ukuzinza okuhle kwesakhiwo ngemuva kwemijikelezo yokuhlola yokucindezela yokulayisha engu-1000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EMI SE ye-foam ifinyelele ku-50.6 dB ngobuningi obungu-16 mg cm2 g-1 kuphela kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-Ag okuphansi kakhulu okungu-0.09 vol%.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukubambisana kohlaka olunezimbobo kanye nezixhumanisi eziningi kuholele ekulinganisweni okuphezulu okungajwayelekile kokumuncwa (ngaphezu kuka-0.5) kwefoam ye-CMF/rGO/Ag. Indlela yokuvikela ifoam ye-CMF/rGO/Ag emuncwayo ephezulu yafundwa kabanzi ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezilinganiselwe (i-FEA). Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela i-EMI eduze kwensimu kwefoam ye-CMF/rGO/Ag kukhombisa ukuthi ifoam ye-CMF/rGO/Ag enamandla, enamandla, inezinzuzo ezinkulu kanye namathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvikela i-EMI zokupakisha ngogesi.