Ngomhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela 2021, umhlangano wama-32 weKomidi Elimisiwe LeNgqungquthela Yabantu Yezwe Yeshumi nantathu wadingida futhi waphasisa “Umthetho Wokuvinjelwa Nokulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Komsindo we-People’s Republic of China” (ngemuva kwalokhu obizwa ngokuthi “Umthetho Womsindo”), ozoqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 13, 5.
Ukwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komthetho uMthetho wangaphambilini we-People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution uye wasetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1997, nengqikithi yama-athikili angama-64 ezahlukweni eziyisishiyagalombili. Umthetho obuyekeziwe othi “Umthetho Wokuvimbela Nokulawula Ukungcoliswa Komsindo we-People’s Republic of China” ususe igama elithi “imvelo” egameni lokuqala lomthetho.
USun Youhai, iphini likasihlalo we-Environmental Resources Law Research Association of the China Law Society, umphathi weTianjin University Law School, kanye nochwepheshe wochwepheshe ekubhalweni koMthetho Womsindo, uthe: “Ngenxa yokuthi umsindo owenziwe ngumuntu, hhayi umsindo wemvelo, odinga ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa ngenxa yokuphazamisa izakhamuzi, umthetho omusha womsindo uwuchaza ngokucacile umthetho. Inhloso yomthetho umsindo owenziwe ngumuntu, osiza ekugxileni ekuziphatheni kokungcola komsindo okwenziwe ngumuntu. Umthetho omusha womsindo uphinde welule umsindo wezimboni emsindweni okhiqizwa emisebenzini yokukhiqiza, wandisa ukulawulwa kwemishini yezimboni engabangela ukungcoliswa komsindo, futhi ucacisa ukudlidliza kwemvelo. Izindinganiso zokulawula kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa, njll.
U-Sun Youhai uthe "Umthetho Womsindo" uchaza kabusha incazelo yokungcoliswa komsindo, futhi ucacisa ukuthi "ukungcoliswa komsindo kubhekisela esenzweni eseqa izinga lokukhishwa komsindo noma ehluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ngokomthetho ukuze kubangele umsindo futhi kuphazamise impilo evamile, umsebenzi nokufunda kwabanye", ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezithile. Kunenkinga yamagebe okulawula emithethweni ekhona mayelana nokungcoliswa komsindo. Umthetho omusha womsindo uqondiswe ezimweni lapho kungekho khona amazinga okukhishwa komsindo kwezinye izindawo ezibanga umsindo. Ngesisekelo "sokweqa izinga + eliphazamisa abantu", isenzakalo "sokungathathi izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ngokomthetho" okuphazamisa impilo evamile, umsebenzi kanye nokufunda kwabanye kuchazwa njengomsindo. ukungcola, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komthetho kwandisiwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho.
Gxila enkingeni yomsindo womsindo
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqaliswa komthetho, umbuzo wokuqala abantu abajwayelekile abawukhathalele uthi “lokhu kuyithinta kanjani impilo yami?” Ukugxila ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuphazamiseka komsindo kuyisici esivelele soMthetho Womsindo.
“Umthetho Womsindo” unemithethonqubo enemininingwane yokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo wezimboni, ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kokungcoliswa komsindo wokwakhiwa, ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kokungcoliswa komsindo wezokuthutha, nokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo empilweni yomphakathi ezahlukweni 4, 5, 6, no-7, ngokulandelana.
Mayelana nendaba yomsindo we-square-dancing ophazamisa abantu, okuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu, iSigaba 64 soMthetho Womsindo sithi: “Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izikhulumi ezinomsindo ophakeme ezindaweni lapho kugxilwe khona izakhiwo ezingezwani nomsindo, ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo nezimo ezikhethekile ezishiwo uhulumeni wendawo. njll., imithethonqubo yendawo yokusebenza, isikhathi, umthamo, njll. yomlawuli wendawo yomphakathi izobhekwa, futhi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zizothathwa ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komsindo wezindawo zomphakathi kufanele zisho ngokunengqondo indawo, isikhathi, kanye nomthamo wemisebenzi efana nokuzijabulisa nokufaneleka, futhi bangathatha izinyathelo ezinjengokumisa ukuqapha komsindo okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezindawo zokubonisa.
Mayelana nenkinga yomsindo ezindaweni zentengiso ezifana nama-bar, "Umthetho Womsindo" udinga ngokucacile ukuthi abaqhubi bezokuzijabulisa kwamasiko, ezemidlalo, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezinye izindawo ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo, futhi bavimbele ukusetshenziswa kwezikhulisa-zwi emisebenzini yezentengiselwano.
Mayelana nodaba lokuduma kwezimoto “eziqhumisa amabhomu emigwaqweni” futhi ziphazamise abantu, iSigaba 47 soMthetho Womsindo siyabeka: “Izimbobozi nezimpondo zezimoto kufanele zihambisane nemithetho kahulumeni. kusetshenziswa izinto zokulalelwayo zezimoto, ivolumu kufanele ilawulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwezimoto ezimotweni kufanele zilungiswe futhi zigcinwe zisebenza kahle futhi zigweme ukungcoliswa komsindo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezivivinyweni zokungena ekolishi ezizayo, i-Article 33 yoMthetho Womsindo ibeka ukuthi ngesikhathi semicimbi ekhethekile njengokuhlolwa kokungena ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlangene kokungena emakolishi namanyuvesi, uhulumeni wendawo noma umnyango oqokwe nguye ungabangela umsindo. imisebenzi, yenza imikhawulo yesikhathi nendawo, futhi umemezele emphakathini kusenesikhathi.
Qinisa ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kwemithombo yokungcola
U-Lin Canling, uprofesa wezomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wezemvelo e-China University of Political Science and Law, ukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, ekulawuleni ukungcoliswa komsindo, kwakunenkinga yokugxila ekulawuleni ekugcineni ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni umthombo.
“Umthetho Womsindo” unezele izidingo zokuhlukanisa izindawo lapho izakhiwo ezingezwani nomsindo zigxile khona; icacisa ukuthi ukuhlela imibhalo yokuhlola umthelela kwezemvelo kufanele kubandakanye ukuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo; ithuthukisa uhlelo lomkhawulo womsindo womkhiqizo, wezisetshenziswa zezimboni ezingase zidale ukungcoliswa komsindo, Emishinini yokwakha neminye imikhiqizo, imikhawulo yomsindo idingeka ukuthi icaciswe ekucacisweni kwayo kobuchwepheshe noma kumazinga ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo; kuyacaciswa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezingezwani nomsindo kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso ezifanele zomklamo wokuvala umsindo wezakhiwo zomphakathi; ukuhlela nokuvimbela kanye nokulawulwa komsindo wezimboni nomsindo wethrafikhi kwengeziwe. Izidingo, amazinga amasha okulawula ukudlidliza kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zezilinganiso. Ukukhuthaza Ukuhlukahluka kanye Nokuphatha Okufanayo.
“Ngokomthetho “Womsindo”, noma iyiphi iyunithi noma umuntu unesibopho sokuvikela imvelo ye-acoustic, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo unelungelo lokuthola ulwazi ngendawo ezungezile ye-acoustic, abambe iqhaza futhi aqondise ukuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo.” Kusho iJaji Eliphezulu u-Wu Sheng.
Umthetho Womsindo usungula umgomo wokubusa ngokubambisana komphakathi, wengeza izinhlinzeko mayelana nemfundo yezemvelo kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi; wengeza izinhlinzeko ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezithule ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezithule njengemiphakathi ethulile nezinqola ezithule; yengeza izinhlinzeko zokuzibusa ukuze kudlale ngokugcwele abantu abasemazingeni aphansi Iqhaza lezinhlangano ezizibusayo libeka ukuthi izinhlangano ezizibusa emazingeni aphansi kufanele zisize ohulumeni basekhaya kanye neminyango ethintekayo ukuze benze umsebenzi omuhle ekuvimbeni nasekulawuleni ukungcoliswa komsindo, futhi ziqondise amakomiti abanikazi, izindawo zokuphathwa kwezakhiwo ukuze zivumelane nabanye abahlinzeki bezakhiwo noma amafomu abo okuphatha izakhiwo noma amafomu abo okuphatha. Ngokwezidingo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komsindo, izinhlangano ezizimele ezizimele, amakomiti abanikazi, nabahlinzeki bemisebenzi yezakhiwo bagunyazwe ukudikibalisa nokulamula ukuphazamiseka komsindo empilweni yomphakathi.
U-Sun Youhai ukholelwa ukuthi “Umthetho Womsindo” uhlanganisa izinhlangano ezizimele, izinhlangano zomphakathi, abaphathi bezindawo zomphakathi, amakomiti abanikazi, abasebenzi bezakhiwo, amavolontiya nezinye izihloko emikhakheni eyinhloko yokuxazulula izingxabano eziningi, futhi ukhuthaza ukumenyezelwa komphakathi kanye nokufundisa ngomthetho, ovumela ukugqugquzelwa kokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwephethini entsha yokubusa. “Izinkantolo zabantu kufanele zilwele ukunikeza izinkonzo eziqinile neziqinisekiso zokulwa nokungcoliswa komsindo, zenze iminikelo efanele ekusetshenzisweni koMthetho Womsindo, ziguqule ‘imithetho ephepheni’ ibe ‘imithetho esebenzayo’, futhi zisebenzise umthetho wezomthetho Izikhali ezingokomthetho zivikela izwe lakubo elinobunye nelinokuthula.” Kusho uWu Sheng.
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