Njengendlela esimeme yokusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi, ukuchithwa kwe-solar kunamandla amakhulu ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokunciphisa ukusweleka kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle buvame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla, imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhipha usawoti emanzini obusekelwe kuma-nanomaterials buye baheha abacwaningi kancane kancane. I-graphene oxide enciphise i-graphene, njengento entsha enezinhlangothi ezimbili, ibonise amandla abalulekile ekukhishweni kukasawoti elanga.
Uma iqhathaniswa nezinto zokumboza zendabuko zokususa usawoti emanzini, i-rGO inobuhle bokuhamba kahle, indawo ethile ephezulu kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha usawoti emanzini futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Kodwa-ke, i-rGO ngokwayo inezinkinga zokuhlanganiswa kanye nokufakwa, okunciphisa umsebenzi wayo kanye nokuzinza. Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa i-rGO ezintweni ze-foam ukuze kwakheke i- melamine foam / rGO composite coating sekuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha usawoti kanye nokuzinza.
Ngokuguqulwa kwendawo kanye nokuqinisa izakhiwo zokuthwala izinto zegwebu, simise ngokulinganayo i-rGO endaweni yegwebu ukuze sandise indawo yayo yokuxhumana nama-ion kasawoti emanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka nokujiya kokunamathela kwe-rGO kulawulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha usawoti emanzini kanye nokuzinza.
Ukuze sithole ukuqonda okujulile kwendlela yokukhipha usawoti emanzini, siphinde salungisa igwebu le-graphene oxide (rGO) elincishisiwe. Igwebu le-melamine eline-graphene trioxide-coated line-porous microstructure kanye ne-hydrophilicity, elivumela ukuthi libe nokumanzisa okuhle futhi lingadonsela amanzi endaweni ehwamukayo, okuvumela amanzi ukuthi agcwaliswe ngokushesha kuyilapho kugwenywa ukuna kukasawoti.
Isistimu yokuhwamuka kwe-interface ye-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam ingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kwesimo okungaguquki okungama-89.6% ngaphansi kuka-1kW m-2 uphethiloli welanga. Lolu hlelo lokuhwamuka okuhlangana kobuso lunamandla aphezulu okuguqula i-solar-to-heat kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwesikhathi eside, okubonisa amandla okuthengiswa kwamanzi olwandle usawoti.
Njengamanje, inkinga yamandla emhlabeni wonke kanye nokushoda kwamanzi kuye kwaba usongo olukhulu entuthukweni eqhubekayo yomphakathi wesintu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo samandla, ukuthuthukiswa kokuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza okuphezulu okusebenzayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi sekuthole ukunakwa okukhulayo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-solar powered interfacial evaporation technology
Njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo othembisayo, amandla elanga ngenxa yomthamo wawo omkhulu kakhulu, indawo yonke, ukuhlanzeka, namandla okuguqula emisebenzi eminingi. Ibonise amandla okushintsha izibaseli ezimbiwa phansi ezigcinwe ngamafutha ezinsalela.
Ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe be-solar photovoltaic okukhiqiza ngokuqondile amandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula amandla elanga-thermal buphinde buthathe amandla elanga futhi buguqule amandla okushisa, okubhekwa njengendlela elula nephumelelayo yokusebenzisa amandla elanga.
Amandla ashisayo aguqulwa asuka kumandla elanga angashayela izinqubo ezibalulekile zezimboni ezifana neziteshi zamandla ashisayo elanga, ukukhipha usawoti elanga, ukuvala inzalo, amasistimu okushisa amanzi elanga nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nokushisa. I-Solar desalination inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenayo ingqalasizinda, ngoba ingakhipha amanzi ahlanzekile emanzini olwandle ngaphandle kokufaka amandla engeziwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ubuchwepheshe bokuhwamuka kwe-solar obuqhutshwa yi-solar bubeka inqubo yokuguqulwa kokushisa kwelanga endaweni esibonakalayo yomhwamuko owuketshezi futhi sekuwubuchwepheshe obusha bokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisisa okujwayelekile kwendabuko, amasistimu okuhwamuka okuhlangana nobuso abonisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka okuphezulu kanye nokusabela okushisayo okushisayo futhi angenye indlela engaba khona yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle.
Kuze kube manje, ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza okushisayo kwezinhlelo zokuhwamuka kwe-interface. Isistimu yokuhwamuka kwe-solar eqhutshwa yi-solar inezingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile:
I-absorption yelanga ene-solar absorption ephezulu futhi iguqula ngokuphumelelayo imisebe yelanga ibe amandla okushisa; i-insulator edlulisela ukushisa okuguquliwe emanzini amaningi; kanye nomzila wokuphakelwa kwamanzi odonsa amanzi ngokuqhubekayo emanzini amaningi ukuya phezulu kwe-solar absorber.
Ezifundweni zangaphambilini, inani elikhulu labacwaningi lizinikele ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokushintshashintsha kusuka elangeni kuya emusini ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezimunca i-broadband kanye namandla elanga, ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwezindlela ezintsha zokuhambisa amanzi, kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokuvimbela ukushisa .
Kuze kube manje, amasistimu e-solar-driven interfacial evaporation asesetshenziswe ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni, i-solar distillation eyenziwe, inzalo yelanga, i-solar desalination kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kokuhwamuka okuphezulu kwesistimu, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukumuncwa kwe-broadband kuwo wonke i-solar spectrum yezinto ezimunca ilanga.
Izinto ezimunca amandla elanga ezithuthukisiwe futhi zahlolisiswa ezinhlelweni zokuhwamuka kwe-solar eziqhutshwa yi-solar ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izinto ze-carbonaceous, izinhlayiya ze-plasmonic kanye nezinto ezimunca ngokubukeka. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezimnyama zemvelo ezimnyama kanye ne-carbonaceous zinamandla okuguqula ukushisa kwelanga okuqinile futhi zifaneleka ku-broadband kanye nama-absorbers elanga aphezulu.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokumuncwa kwelanga, izindleko eziphansi, nokuzinza okuhle, kuye kwacutshungulwa ama-solar absorber amaningi asekelwe ku-carbon, okuhlanganisa i-carbon nanotubes, i-graphite, kanye ne-graphene oxide encishisiwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokuguqula i-solar-to-steam ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemini kufinyelele ngaphezu kwama-90%.
Nakuba kube nentuthuko enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezimunca amandla elanga kanye nokuklama izakhiwo zokuhwamuka kwe-interface, iningi lamathuluzi abikiwe ngaphambilini okukhipha usawoti elanga ngenxa yokunqwabelana kukasawoti endaweni engaphezulu ye-evaporator phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini. Usawoti oqoqiwe uvimba ukumuncwa kwelanga futhi uvimbe umhwamuko onezimbotshana, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqulwa kwelanga ukuya ekushiseni kanye nokusebenza kabi kokuhwamuka.
Izindlela zendabuko zomzimba ezinjengamagagasi e-ultrasonic kanye nokucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukususa usawoti oqoqiwe, kodwa lezi zindlela zingabangela kalula ukulimala kwesakhiwo se-interface evaporation.
Ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kukasawoti ezinhlelweni zokuhwamuka kwe-interface, izifundo eziningi zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuhwamuka kwe-hydrophobic. Kodwa-ke, ama-evaporator e-hydrophobic anciphisa ukutholakala kwamanzi endaweni ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ehlisa ukusebenza kokuhwamuka kwesistimu. Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukusebenzisa i-hydrophilic evaporator, ehambisa usawoti owedlulele ukusuka phezulu ukuya emanzini amaningi.
Kuze kube manje, ucwaningo oluningi lugxile ekwakhiweni kwama-evaporator angama-hydrophilic, afana nezindwangu zendwangu ye-hydrophilic cellulose, ulwelwesi lwe-hydrophilic olusekelwe ephepheni, kanye nama-evaporator aphefumulelwe nge-bio. Kodwa ukwakha uhlelo lwesikhathi eside oluzinzile futhi olusebenza kahle kakhulu oluqhutshwa yilanga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi luhlala luyinselelo enkulu.
Kulolu cwaningo, sibonisa igwebu elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide (rGO) elimelana nosawoti, elisebenza kahle kakhulu elangeni futhi elisabela ngokushesha ngokushisa ngokushisa kwe-graphene oxide (rGO) lokususa usawoti ebusweni obuqhutshwa yilanga ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi kwe-fluorescence.
Esimweni esisha esinezimbobo, i-hydrophilic melamine foam (MF) yakhethwa njengesisekelo, esingagcini nje ngokwandisa indawo engaphezulu ukuze imuncwe yilanga kodwa futhi sithuthukisa ukusabalala okuningi.
I-surface hydrophilicity kanye ne-porosity ye-graphene oxide-coated-coated melamine foam inikeza ukumanzisa okwanele nokuhlanganiswa kwendawo yokuguqula ukushisa kwelanga, kanye nokugcwaliswa kwamanzi ngokushesha, kuyilapho kugwema ukuqoqwa kukasawoti.
Isebenzisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwegwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine encishisiwe, isistimu yobuso obunamandla elanga ikwazi izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-steam elingu-89.6%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganisa igwebu le-melamine elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide-coated kumandla elanga athengiswayo, siklame futhi sakha idivayisi yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle eqhutshwa yi-solar esebenzisa amandla elanga ukuya emanzini angu-56.4% emini. Ngenxa yokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini elanga, amanzi ahlanzekile aqoqwayo ayimfuneko yekhwalithi ephuzwayo.
Ngokusebenza kokuhwamuka okuphakeme kanye nokwanda kwezinto zokuguqula i-solar-to-thermal, le sistimu yokukhipha usawoti emanzini asolwandle aqhutshwa yi-solar iveza amathuba okusebenza okubanzi ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle.
I-Scalability ye-solar desalination yokudlulisa ukushisa izinto
Isistimu yokuhwamuka okuhlangana kobuso esekelwe kugwebu lemelamine elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide. Igwebu lemelamine le-Ter graphene oxide elinamekwe yi-melamine liphakathi nendawo futhi ligoqwe ungqimba lwegwebu le-polyethylene (PE) ngaphandle ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokuhwamuka kwe-self-bubble interface.
Igwebu le-melamine elimbozwe nge-tellurium-reduced graphene oxide lisetshenziselwa ukumunca ngokushesha imisebe yelanga yesigameko, liguqule amandla elanga libe ukushisa, futhi likhiqize amandla okushayela okuhwamuka okuhlangana nobuso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hydrophilic encishisiwe i-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam ingaqhubeka nokudonsa amanzi anosawoti endaweni yokuhwamuka.
Isakhiwo esinezimbotshana zegwebu le-graphene trioxide-coated melamine sivumela umhwamuko okhiqiziwe ukuthi ubaleke uye endaweni ezungezile, ukhuthaze ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela wandise ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwelanga ukuya ekushiseni. Igwebu elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide-coated melamine linezimbobo futhi line-hydrophilic, elivumela ukuthi lidonse amanzi esakhiweni sokuhwamuka esichazwe ngenhla kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo yephula usawoti ogxilile emuva emanzini olwandle amaningi.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhwamuka, ukugcwala kukasawoti ku-foam kuphakeme kunokugcwala kwamanzi olwandle phansi. Izinguquko ekugcwaleni zibangela ukuthi usawoti uqhekeke ube ngamanzi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyethylene foam ezungezile ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa i-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam , kodwa futhi iqoqana ngokwemvelo phezu kwamanzi, ivimbele ukulahleka kokushisa okubangelwa amanzi kasawoti azungezile.
Amasistimu wokuhwamuka kwe-interface angasebenza ngokuqhubekayo nangempumelelo ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwamanzi ngaphandle kwesidingo semiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuhwamuka kwenzeka kusixhumi esibonakalayo soketshezi lwegesi, isistimu yokuhwamuka okuhlangana kobuso ingahamba ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho isixhumi esibonakalayo sincipha.
Igwebu le-melamine eline-graphene oxide elincishisiwe le-Tellurium liyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokuhwamuka kwe-interface. Igwebu le-melamine lacwiliswa ku-graphene oxide colloidal ukumiswa ukuze kulungiswe igwebu le-melamine elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide-coated, bese i-graphene oxide yehliselwa ekubeni i-graphene oxide encishisiwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-hydrothermal.
Igwebu elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide-coated melamine enobubanzi obungu-3.5 cm nogqinsi luka-1.6 cm kulula ukwenziwa futhi umbala walo umnyama kakhulu.
Ubulukhuni bobuso bento encishisiwe yegwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine ebonwe kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu esinezinhlangothi ezintathu bubonise ukuhluka kobude obungaphezu kuka-300 μm. Isakhiwo esingaphezulu esimahhadlahhadla sezinhlanganisela zokuguqulwa kwe-solar thermal ikakhulukazi sibangelwa ukwakheka okunezimbotshana kwegwebu le-melamine, futhi i-graphene oxide eshintshiwe eshintshiwe iphinde inyuse ubulukhuni obungaphezulu.
Ubulukhuni bobuso bukhulisa indawo engaphezulu yokumunca ilanga ngenkathi kukhulisa ukuhlakazeka okuningi kokukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-heat yesistimu. I-Microstructure yegwebu le-melamine elilungisiwe ngokukhuliswa okuhlukene. I-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam surface ibonisa isakhiwo senethiwekhi esishwabene futhi esixhumene.
Ubukhulu bembotshana yegwebu le-melamine ehlanganiswe ne-rGO buphakathi kuka-20 no-40 μm. Isakhiwo sezimbotshana ezivulekile kanye nendawo eshwabene kusiza ukubekwa kwe-graphene oxide. Igwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine elincishisiwe linokumanzisa okuhle kwamanzi ngenxa ye-hydrophilicity yegwebu le-melamine elinezimbotshana.
Uma ithonsi lamanzi lithinta ingaphezulu legwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine encishisiwe, limunca ngokuphelele phakathi nemizuzwana engu-0.5. I-hydrophilic surface yezinhlanganisela ze-graphene oxide encishisiwe ingaqondisa ngokushesha amanzi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esinezimbotshana. I-porosity yegwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine encishisiwe yanqunywa ngokuqhathanisa izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphambi nangemuva kokumuncwa kwamanzi.
I-porosity ye-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam ingafinyelela ku-85.55%. Ukumuncwa kwamandla elanga ngokuncipha kwegwebu le-graphene oxide-coated melamine kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-heat ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Ukuhlola ukumelana nosawoti, igwebu lemelamine elincishisiwe le-graphene oxide-coated lafakwa kusisombululo se-sodium chloride (3.5 wt%).
Khona-ke i-3 g ye-sodium chloride eqinile yafakwa endaweni engaphezulu futhi igwebu le-melamine elihlanganiswe ne-Tergo lafakwa ku-solar density engu-1 kW m-2. Inani likasawoti oqinile liyancibilika kancane kancane ngemva kwemizuzu engu-120.
Uma ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya phezu kwengaphezulu le- foam ye-melamine eboshwe nge-rGO , izinga lokushisa le-foam ye-melamine eboshwe nge-rGO likhuphuka ngokushesha ngemizuzu embalwa futhi lihlala ku-35°C kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhwamuka. Njengoba ukuncibilika kukasawoti kuncike ekushiseni, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakama, kulapho usawoti uncibilika ngokushesha futhi ngenxa yalokho insimbi kasawoti ingaphinde incibilike emanzini angaphezulu.
Kugwebu oluncishisiwe lwe-graphene oxide-coated melamine, elinezimbotshana eziningi ezinamandla okumunca amanzi aphezulu okunganikeza ukutholakala kwamanzi okuqhubekayo endaweni engaphezulu, usawoti ungasuka phezulu ukuya endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekushintsheni kosawoti phakathi kwendawo ephezulu yokuhwamuka nomzimba.
Ukuze kutholwe i-broadband kanye nokumuncwa okusebenzayo kwamandla elanga, igwebu le-melamine lashintshwa ngegwebu le-hydrophilic melamine, ngaleyo ndlela landise indawo engaphezulu yokumunca ilanga futhi kwanda ukusakazeka okuningi.
Isistimu yokuhwamuka kwe-solar interfacial evaporation esekelwe kugwebu le-melamine ehlanganiswe ne-rGO ibonisa ukusabela okushisayo okusheshayo kumandla elanga angu-1 kW m−2, ifinyelela ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal eshisayo yelanga okungaguquki okungama-89.6%.
Ekugcineni, sihlanganise i-graphene oxide-coated melamine foam evaporator encishisiwe endaweni emile yelanga, engakhiqiza amanzi okuphuza angu-56.4% ngokunqwabelana kukasawoti ku-1 kW m−2.
Sibona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi lo mshini wokukhipha usawoti ebusweni obusebenza ngelanga ungasetshenziswa eziqhingini ezingazodwa noma olwandle ukuqoqa amanzi okuphuza emanzini amaningi olwandle noma kwezinye izinsiza zamanzi anosawoti.
Isiphetho
Igwebu le-melamine eline-desalination rGO-coated, njengobuchwepheshe obusha nobusebenzayo bokukhipha usawoti emanzini elanga, bunamandla amakhulu kanye namathemba okusebenza. Ngeke nje inikeze imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile enokwethenjelwa ezindaweni ezintula amanzi, kodwa futhi yehlise ukuncika emandleni endabuko, yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo izobamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga yokushoda kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke futhi ikhuthaze ukufezeka kwentuthuko esimeme.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-SINOYQX Melamine Foam, sicela usithinte ku- [email protected] noma usithumelele izwi: +86-28-8411-1861.
Ezinye izithombe nemibhalo kukhiqizwa kabusha ku-inthanethi, futhi i-copyright ingeyombhali wokuqala. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela usithinte ukuze ukususe.