Ukuhwamuka kwe-solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) kubhekwa njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo kakhulu bokunciphisa ukushoda kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngenxa yekhono layo lokusebenzisa kahle amandla elanga ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-evaporator elanga anezinzuzo ezihlukile ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile anosawoti agxilile . Inqubo yokuhwamuka ikhiqiza amakristalu kasawoti kuphela njengomkhiqizo olandelayo, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ekukhishweni koketshezi olungenalutho. Kodwa-ke, ukuqongelela kukasawoti ku-evaporator kuzovimba ukumuncwa kokukhanya futhi kuthinte ukuphuma komusi, ekugcineni kuholele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokuhwamuka kwe-evaporator noma ngisho nokwehluleka.
Ukuze kuncishiswe le nkinga, abanye abacwaningi baphakamise isu "lokujikeleza kukasawoti". Okusho ukuthi, indlela yokujikeleza yenzelwe ikhambi lokuvumela ama-ion kasawoti ukuthi abuyele emanzini anosawoti, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe usawoti ukuthi ungabi kristali ebusweni bokuhwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuhwamuka okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela izobangela ukwanda kosawoti wekhambi, futhi inkinga yokwakheka kwekristali kasawoti isalokhu ingagwemeki.
Esinye isisombululo isu "lokukhipha usawoti". Okusho ukuthi, isakhiwo silawulwa ngendlela yokuthi usawoti ufakwe ikristalu endaweni engashisi umhwamuko, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela wokwakheka kwekristalu kasawoti ekusebenzeni kokuhwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuqoqwa kukasawoti namanzi ahlanzekile ngasikhathi sinye. Kodwa-ke, isu "lokukhipha usawoti" lisabhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.
Okokuqala, ukuthuthwa kosawoti onesilinganiso esisodwa kunciphisa amandla okumunca, kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuhwamuka komoya. Okwesibili, isu lokwakheka kosawoti lidinga ukususwa njalo kwamakristalu kasawoti, okunzima ukuwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ebusweni bomhwamuko ngenxa yokunamathela kwawo okuqinile. Uma usawoti ogciniwe ungasuswa ngesikhathi, ukusebenza kokuhwamuka komoya kuzoncishiswa ngokungenakugwenywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-evaporator amaningi elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu adinga izinqubo zokulungiselela eziyingozi noma ezithatha isikhathi, njengokwelashwa kokushisa okunomfutho ophezulu, okune-vacuum ephansi, noma okushisa okuphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa umshini wokufudumeza welanga oqinile ukuze kufezwe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kwesikhathi eside, okusebenzayo, nokuzinzile kanye nokuqoqwa kosawoti ngenqubo elula yokulungiselela ukukhishwa kosawoti okungenawo uketshezi kuwumgomo wesayensi ongafezeki.
Ngokusekelwe ezinseleleni ezingenhla, ithimba locwaningo laseShandong First Medical University lilungiselele i-evaporator ye-gradient graphene spiral aerogel evaporator enezinhlangothi ezintathu, engafeza ukuhwamuka kwamanzi anosawoti amaningi ngendlela ephumelelayo elangeni futhi ifinyelele ekukhishweni koketshezi okungekho.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zama-evaporator elanga maqondana nokumuncwa kahle kwelanga, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okugcwele, ukumelana nosawoti okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside, umklamo wephrojekthi ugxile kakhulu kula maphuzu amane abalulekile alandelayo:
Gxila ekuklanyweni kwesakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqina kwamakhemikhali
I-evaporator idinga ukuba nesakhiwo senethiwekhi esiqinile kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, okubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ukukhishwa kukasawoti elangeni isikhathi eside, okusebenzayo nokuzinzile. Ngakho-ke, bakhethe i-melamine foam engabizi kakhulu, ethanda amanzi amaningi, enezimbobo eziningi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu njengomgogodla osekelayo we-evaporator yelanga.
Base befunda izakhiwo zemishini zama-graphene aerogels ane-melamine foam njengohlaka lwamathambo ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela, ukugoba, kanye nokucindezela, ukuze bahlole ngokuphelele izakhiwo zabo zemishini.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokwengeziwe ukuqina kwayo nokuqina kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokusetshenziswa, ithimba locwaningo lenze izivivinyo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngokukhethekile, bagoba isampula ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-20 emoyeni nasemanzini, bayicwilisa ezixazululweni ezine-acidic ne-alkaline , futhi bayibeka ezindaweni ezinzima njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuxubha nge-ultrasound.
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo ezinzima, abatholanga zinguquko ezibalulekile ekubukekeni kwesampula kanye nesakhiwo sayo esincane, okwabonisa ngokugcwele ukuqina kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Gxila ekwenzeni lula kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza
Ukuze kufezwe ubulula kanye nokonga enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-evaporator nokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ebizayo, baklame izinyathelo zokulungiselela ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukucindezela okushisayo
Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela okushisayo, ithimba locwaningo lacindezela amagwebu e-melamine anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze bathole ifilimu ye-melamine ecindezelwe ngaphambilini enobukhulu obungu-1mm.
Phakathi nale nqubo, njengoba isilinganiso sobukhulu bokuqala besampula nobukhulu bokugcina obucindezelwe sikhula, usayizi wembobo yefilimu ye-melamine ecindezelwe ngaphambilini ulawulwa kahle kusukela ku -150 μ m kuya ku-20 μ m , okwenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gradient enezinhlangothi ezintathu esiyingqayizivele.
Isinyathelo sesibili ukufafaza phezulu
Sebenzisa ibhodlela lokufafaza ukuze ufafaze i-graphene oxide suspension ngokulinganayo ebusweni befilimu ye-melamine ecindezelwe ngaphambilini . Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-graphene oxide efilimini kwafezwa, okwabeka isisekelo sokunciphisa amandla elanga okulandelayo.
Isinyathelo sesithathu ukomisa umfutho womoya
Ngemva kokufutha, babeka ifilimu ngqo emoyeni ukuze yomiswe ngokwemvelo emoyeni. Lesi sinyathelo sigwema izinqubo zokulungiselela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezithatha isikhathi futhi ezidla amandla njengokomisa okuqandisiwe, ukomisa okubaluleke kakhulu kanye nokushintshana nge-solvent.
Isinyathelo sesine ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga
Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze kugxilwe elangeni. Ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe ye-ultraviolet, umbala wobuso besampula ushintsha ngokushesha kusuka konsundu ube mnyama, okubonisa ukuthi i-graphene oxide incishisiwe ngempumelelo yaba yi-graphene oxide encishisiwe.
Le ndlela yokunciphisa amandla elanga ayilula nje kuphela ukuyisebenzisa futhi inobungani nemvelo, kodwa futhi ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokunciphisa amakhemikhali noma izinqubo zokunciphisa ukushisa ezishisa kakhulu, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokungcola kwemvelo.
Gxila ekumuncweni kwamandla elanga okuphumelelayo kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla
Ama-evaporator elanga akumele nje amunce futhi aguqule ububanzi bamandla elanga abe amandla okushisa, kodwa futhi anciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okusabalele kanye nemisebe yokushisa, futhi abambe amandla engeziwe avela emvelweni. Inqubo yokuhwamuka endaweni ezungezile yelanga ilawulwa yizinhla ezintathu zamandla: ukufaka amandla elanga, ukuphuma kwamandla okuhwamuka, kanye namandla ahlakazeke endaweni ezungezile.
Ngeshwa, ama-evaporator elanga avamile anezinhlangothi ezimbili abhekene nezinkinga zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla ngenxa yokushintshana kokushisa nendawo ezungezile, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-steam okungu-100%. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-evaporator elanga anezinhlangothi ezintathu angaphula umkhawulo wenkolelo-mbono wokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-steam.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okusabalele kanye nemisebe yokushisa ebusweni obungaphezulu besampula enobukhulu obuthathu, ithimba laklama i-graphene aerogel enobukhulu obuthathu ejikelezayo.
Lesi sakhiwo asigcini nje ngokuba nokumuncwa okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphansi, kodwa izindonga zaso eziseceleni ziyakwazi futhi ukumunca ukushisa okuzungezile kanye nokushisa okuboniswa ngokusabalala kusuka phansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo.
Gxila ekwenzeni ngcono ukubekezelela usawoti kanye nokuphathwa kokwakheka kwekristalu kasawoti
Okusho ukuthi; ngokuklama isiteshi sokuthutha esiyingqayizivele, ukuthuthwa kwe-radial ye-brine kuyakhuthazwa, okuholela ekukhanyeni kosawoti ngendlela eqondile. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ngokuvimbela usawoti ukuthi ungangeni futhi uvaleke ebusweni be-evaporator, kodwa futhi wenza ukuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kahle kukasawoti, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwenqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini.
Ngokukhethekile, baklama futhi balungiselela isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gradient graphene esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esekelwe kwifilimu ye-melamine enezimbobo ezicindezelwe ngaphambilini . Le nethiwekhi ye-gradient graphene, engavamile ngaphakathi futhi iminyene ngaphandle, ingakha umehluko wamandla e-radial capillary, okhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwe-radial kwe-brine. Njengoba umusi uqhubeka ukhiqizwa, ukugeleza kwe-radial kwe-brine kwandisa ukugcwala kwe-brine endaweni yangaphandle, okwenza usawoti ukhanye ngendlela eqondile ebusweni bangaphandle kunokuba kube ebusweni bangaphakathi. Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bangaphakathi be-evaporator bugcina indawo eyanele yokuhwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuhwamuka kwelanga okusebenzayo nokuzinzile.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-evaporator isebenzisa yonke indawo yayo yangaphandle ukuze i-crystallization kasawoti, okwenza indawo ye-crystallization ibe nkulu kakhulu kunezinye i-evaporator ze-crystallization eziqondisa indlela.
Amakristalu kasawoti akhiwa kakhulu ngamakristalu kasawoti agcwele kancane anezimbobo eziningi, eziwusizo ekuthuthweni kwe-brine kanye nokukhishwa komusi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomphumela wokupholisa ngokuhwamuka, izinga lokushisa lobuso longqimba lukasawoti liphansi kunezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Lesi sici senza i-evaporator ikwazi ukumunca amandla amaningi emvelweni, okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuhwamuka.
Umthombo wesihloko: I-Deep Tech
Iqembu locwaningo: Iqembu Locwaningo Lethimba Le-Shandong First Medical University
Lesi sihloko sicashunwe ku: https://www.163.com/dy/article/J1RENDEH05119734.html
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-SINOYQX Melamine Foam, sicela usithinte ku- [email protected] noma usithumelele izwi: +86-28-8411-1861.
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