Ukushoda kwamanzi amasha kuyinselelo eyandayo ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. Kubikwa ukuthi u-29% wabantu emhlabeni wonke abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile, kanti nesidingo samanzi ahlanzekile sisakhula ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu kanye nezinkinga zemvelo. Amanzi ahlanzekile ahlobene nokuthuthwa kwendle abaluleke kakhulu kumongo wokuqubuka kwamanje kwesifo se-coronavirus (Neocoronavirus pneumonia). Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi anamandla elanga kuthathwa njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuthembisa kakhulu bokukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile emanzini olwandle kanye namanzi angcolile kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwelanga njengokuwukuphela kwamandla okufakwayo. Ubuchwepheshe buthembele kakhulu kuma-solar absorbers, asebenza njengama-evaporator ukuze aguqule amandla elanga abe ukushisa ukuze akhiqize isitimu. Ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokushisa kwelanga, into efanelekile kufanele ibe nohlu olubanzi lokumunca ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle ingxenye enkulu ye-solar spectrum, ukuhanjiswa okuphansi kokushisa okuphansi ukucindezela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, kanye namashaneli angama-3-dimensional (XNUMXD) anezimbobo zokuthutha amanzi ngendlela efanele. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi basungule izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-photothermal ezisekelwe ku-carbon (isb, i-graphene noma i-carbon nanotubes), ama-polymers, izinsimbi nama-oxide ensimbi kanye nama-hybrids awo, njll.
Ososayensi bebesebenza kanzima ukuze bahlole futhi benze impumelelo eminingi eminyakeni yamuva, ngakho-ke masifunde ezincwadini ezimbalwa eziphathelene nenqubekelaphambili yocwaningo ekukhiqizeni amanzi ahlanzekile ashisayo eminyakeni yakamuva.
- Ukuxhumana Kwemvelo: Amaqabunga ezitshalo akhuthaza isihlanzi samanzi esinamandla elanga, esisebenza kahle kakhulu
Amaqabunga ezitshalo zemvelo zemithambo yegazi athembele ekwehlukeni kokucindezela kwe-osmotic, ukuphefumulela kanye nokukhipha amanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe amathani amanzi ahlanzekile, anikwe amandla okukhanya kwelanga. Bephefumulelwe yilokhu, abacwaningi eqenjini likaChun Li e-Qinghua University babike ukuthi i-purifier eqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga yokuhlanza amanzi kanye nokukhiqiza kahle. Lesi sihlanzi esiqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga sine-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (PN) ephendula ukushisa engemihle eboshwe kumgogodla we -melamine foam ophicayo futhi embozwe nge-membrane yesihlungi se-PNIPAm-modified graphene (PG) ngaphandle. Ukulingisa kwe-molecular dynamics kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola kubonise ukuthi isimo se-superhydrophilic somgogodla we-melamine oqinile sisheshise kakhulu izinga lokuvuvukala/lokususa ukuvuvukala kwe-PNPG-F purifier. Ngaphansi kokukhanya okufanayo kokukhanya kwelanga, lesi sakhiwo esakhiwe ngendlela enengqondo sinikeze ukuqoqwa okungu-4.2 kg/m2/h kanye nokususwa okungu-99% kwe-ion ye-PNPG-F eyodwa ekudleni kwe-brine ngokusebenzisa imiphumela yokusebenzisana yokuhwamuka kanye nokwengezwa kwe-drip. Umbhali ubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ezingaba khona zalolu hlelo oluqhutshwa yilanga olusebenza kahle kakhulu ezindleleni ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ucwaningo lushicilelwe njengephepha elinesihloko esithi “Izitshalo ziphefumulela i-sunlight-driven purifier ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi ahlanzekile ngempumelelo ephezulu” ku-Nature subjournal Nature communications.
- Intuthuko Yesayensi: Amanethiwekhi e-polymer ane-hydratable kakhulu ama-hydrogel abamba ukukhanya okuhlanzwa kwamanzi elanga
Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi elanga ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi kuwubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo bokukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko welanga kudinga amandla amaningi, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwamanzi aphansi ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo kwemini. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esikhulu sokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezinganciphisa isidingo samandla sokuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi kusheshiswe ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi elanga. Iqembu likaProfessor Guihua Yu e-Austin, eTexas, e-U.S.A., libike i-hydrogel (h-LAH) emunca ukukhanya kakhulu enamanzi amaningi eyakhiwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol ne-chitosan njengomgogodla we-hydration kanye ne-polypyrrole njengesibambisi sokukhanya, esingasebenzisa amandla amancane (< 50% wevolumu yamanzi) ukuhwamukisa amanzi. Kwaboniswa ukuthi ukwandisa umthamo we-hydration we-h-LAH kungashintsha isimo samanzi futhi kusebenze amanzi kancane, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuhwamuka kwamanzi. I-h-LAH ikhuphule ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko welanga ukuya kusilinganiso serekhodi esingu-~3.6 kg/m2/h elangeni elingu-1. Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi elanga okususelwe ku-h-LAH nakho kubonise ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kanye nezakhiwo ezivimbela ukungcola ngokumelene nokungcola okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-ionic. Ucwaningo lwanyatheliswa ephepheni elinesihloko esithi "Amaqabunga ezitshalo aphefumulelwe isihlanzi esiqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle amanzi ahlanzekile" ku-Science subjournal Science Advances".
- I-Angew: Izinto ze-COF ezine-superhydrophilicity kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya kwe-wavelength ebanzi ukuze kuhwamuke amanzi e-photothermal
Ukumuncwa okungokwemvelo kwe-hydrophobicity kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya okulinganiselwe kwama-polymer organic organic, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiseduze ne-infrared (NIR), kuyizingqinamba ezimbili ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekukhiqizeni umusi welanga (SSG). Abacwaningi beqembu lika-Xiaoli Yan e-Jilin University benze uhlaka lwe-covalent organic (COF) olusekelwe ku-1,4,5,8 tetrakis(phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (TPAD) (TPAD-COF), ebonakala nge-superhydrophilicity kanye nokumunca ukukhanya okubanzi okumboza i-SSG ebonakalayo kuso sonke isifunda se-UV/i-UV. I-TPAD-COF, njengento esebenza kahle yokuguqula i-photothermal ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izithasiselo, ibonisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu okungu-1.42 kg/m2/h futhi ifinyelela ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenzayo okungama-94% ngaphansi komsebe owodwa wokuqina kwelanga. Ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwebanga lokumunca ukukhanya kwe-COF okusekelwe ku-TPAD kwafinyelelwa ngokuguqulwa kokwenziwa kwama-molecule e-chelated BF2. Ukuhlolwa kokulawula okuhlelekile nokuhlaziya kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-hydrophilicity yezinto zokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-COF asekelwe ku-TPAD amanje asetshenziselwa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi e-photothermal. Umsebenzi wocwaningo, onesihloko esithi “Superhydrophilic2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Efficient Solar Steam Generation,” ushicilelwe kujenali yamazwe ngamazwe esezingeni eliphezulu i-Angewise. Umsebenzi washicilelwa kujenali yamazwe ngamazwe ephezulu i-Angew. I-Chem. Int. U-Ed.
- I-JACS: I-Hydrophilic-hydrophobic dual-region COF/graphene hydrogel yokuhwamuka kwamanzi ashisayo
Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi elanga kuwubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bokuhlanza amanzi obungasiza ekwehliseni ukusweleka kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, lobu buchwepheshe bubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuhwamuka lokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Iqembu likaProf. Arne Thomas e-Technical University of Berlin, eJalimane, libika uhlaka lwe-covalent organic (COF)/graphene dual-region hydrogel equkethe kokubili izifunda ze-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic endaweni eyodwa ngokusebenzisa isu elilula lokukhula endaweni. I-hydrophilic COF ihlanganisa ingxenye yesifunda se-hydrophobic graphene. Ngokulawula okunembayo kwezifunda ezimbili zokumanzisa, i-hydrogel eyi-hybrid ibonisa ukuvunwa okuphumelelayo kokukhanya, ukumanzisa okufinyelelekayo, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okulungiselelwe, kanye nesidingo esincishisiwe samandla sokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Njengesithathisi selanga, i-double-region hydrogel ifinyelela izinga lokukhiqiza umhwamuko elingafika ku-3.69 kg/m2/h ku-1 imisebe yelanga (1kw/m2), eqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le evaporator ye-hydrogel ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amanzi aphuzwayo emanzini olwandle kanye nendle, okubonisa amandla okwelashwa kwamanzi. Umsebenzi wocwaningo washicilelwa kujenali i-JACS njenge- “A Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Dual-Region Hydrogel for Enhanced Solar-Driven Water Generation”, i-JACS, ijenali ephezulu yamazwe ngamazwe.
- Intuthuko Yesayensi: Isakhiwo se-lily blade esiphefumulelwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-photothermal water evaporator
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko welanga ohlangene ebusweni kubonise amandla amakhulu ekuzuzeni ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle ekukhishweni kukasawoti emanzini nasekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile. Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu okuhwamuka awakwazi ukugcinwa ngenxa yokunqwabelana okubonakala kungenakugwenywa kokungcoliswa noma usawoti ku-absorber yelanga. Ukuwohloka kuyashesha njengoba i-solute ikhula. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, iqembu likaProf. Jia Zhu eNyuvesi yaseNanjing, eligqugquzelwe ukwakheka kwamaqabunga omnduze wamanzi, liklame isakhiwo esinezigaba eziningi (i-Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Structure (WHS) idivayisi yokuguqula umhwamuko we-photothermal-vapor, engakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal uma ukwelapha u-80 wt % wosawoti omningi wamanzi wawufaneleka kakhulu. isho ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal akwehli kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamanzi anosawoti agxile kakhulu kanye namanzi angcolile kuze kuqedwe ukuhwamuka (okungukuthi, “ukukhipha iqanda”), futhi ingaphezulu lihlala lihlanzekile ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “A Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Design for Stable and Efficient Solar Evaporation of High Salinity”.
- Nano energy: I-Molybdenum disulfide yokuhwamuka kwamanzi ashisayo
Abacwaningi eqenjini likaLifeng Wan e-Deakin University's Institute for Frontier Materials bathuthukise uchungechunge lwe-transition metal disulfide kanye ne-nitrogen-rich nitride heterostructures zokuhwamuka kwamanzi elanga ngokuguqulwa kwekristalu okungaphelele. Ikakhulukazi, lezi heterostructures ezithuthukisiwe ze-2D zibonisa ukumuncwa kwe-spectral okuthuthukisiwe kububanzi be-infrared kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu ezixazululweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi amanzi, ama-acid kanye nezisekelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuqina kokumuncwa kwe-spectral okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushisa okuncishisiwe, idivayisi ye-solar thermal ye-MoS2-Mo5N6/ melamine foam (MF) ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuhwamuka (2.31 kg m-2h-1) kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa (106.6%), okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.4 kanye nezingu-4.7 kunalezo ze-MoS2/MF kanye ne-MF/water solar devices, ngokulandelana. Lo msebenzi uhlinzeka ngochungechunge lwe-2D-2D TMDs-nitrogen-rich nitride heterostructures ezithuthukisiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nge-photothermal ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi elanga. Lo msebenzi ushicilelwe ku-Nano energy, iphephandaba elihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-“Advanced 2D-2D heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides kanye ne-nitrogen-rich nitrides for solar water generation”.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhwamuka kwamanzi elanga ashisayo kulindeleke ukuthi buxazulule ukushoda kwamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke, okudingeka kuxazululwe manje ukulungiswa kwezindleko eziphansi zezinto ezishisayo, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokuzinza nokuphatheka kokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisebenzayo, sibheke phambili emiphumeleni eyengeziwe esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuzuze sonke isintu masinyane!
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Melamine Foam, sicela usithinte ku- [email protected] noma usithumelele izwi: +86-28-8411-1861.
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