I-nitrogen-based flame retardants
Lezi zithiya zomlilo ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen, lesi sihloko sigxile ku-melamine kanye nezinto eziphuma kuyo, ezinye zazo ezingasetshenziswa zodwa noma ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko zezithiya zomlilo ezingaphakathi. Lezi zithiya zomlilo azinawo ama-halogen, azinamusi omningi, azishisi futhi azikhanyi, zisebenza kahle futhi zibiza kancane. Inkinga ngazo ukuthi amapulasitiki eziwasebenzisayo ukuvimba umlilo kunzima ukuwacubungula futhi ahlakazeka kabi ezintweni eziyisisekelo. Izidingo zosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ziqinile kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ama-ejenti asebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwe-melamine, kukhona ne- melamine cyanurate (MCA) , ama-phosphates, ama-borates, usawoti we-guanidine, usawoti we-dicyandiamide, njll. Lezi zithiya zomlilo zisetshenziswa ku-PA, PU kanye ne-PO. Zingasetshenziswa ku-PA, PU, PO, PET, PS, PVC kanye nama-epoxy resins, futhi zifanelekile nasezindwangu, opende, ukhuni kanye nephepha.
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amakhemikhali aqukethe i-nitrogen njengezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ukuhlanganiswa nezinto ezivimbela ilangabi eziqukethe i-phosphorus ukuze kutholakale umphumela ohambisanayo we-phosphorus-nitrogen. Izingxube zamakhemikhali aqukethe i-nitrogen nezinto eziqukethe i-phosphorus zinomphumela ovimbela ilangabi omkhulu ku-cellulose kunesamba semiphumela evimbela ilangabi yamakhemikhali ngamanye. I-nitrogen ikhuthaza i-phosphorylation ye-cellulose yi-phosphoric acid futhi ngaleyo ndlela inegalelo emphumelani ovimbela ilangabi ovuvukele. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezisebenzayo zezinto eziningi ezivimbela ilangabi ezingaphakathi yi-phosphorus ne-nitrogen.
I-Melamine
I-Melamine (MA) ayishisi, ilula ukuyisusa uma ishiswa, futhi iyabola uma ishiswa kakhulu. Izizathu zokuthi kungani iyi-retardant enhle kakhulu yomlilo yilezi:
- Ukusabela kokubola kwenzeka ku-250 kuya ku-450°C, kubambe ukushisa okukhulu futhi kukhiphe i-ammonia ukuze kwakheke izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-condensate;
- Amandla okuthonya ukuziphatha kokuncibilika kwezinto futhi asheshise ukusha kwazo zibe yi-coke.
I-Melamine ayibizi kakhulu, ayiboli, ayicasuli isikhumba namehlo, futhi ayiyona i-mutagen. Inkinga ukuthi ikhiqiza i-cyanide enobuthi uma ibola emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
I-Melamine iyisithako esivimbela ilangabi esisetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi njengengxenye yezithako ezivimbela ilangabi ezingaphakathi kanye nama-polyurethane nama-triazine resins avimbela ilangabi. Isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nama-phosphate esters angoketshezi, i-melamine isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-polyurethane foam avimbela ilangabi.
I-Melamine cyanrate
I-Melamine cyanurate ikhiqizwa ngokuxuba i-melamine ne-cyanuric acid, ebizwa ngokuthi i-MCA. Iyi-lubricant ne-flame retardant, i-white crystalline powder, ayinaphunga futhi ayinambitheki. Izinzile kakhulu ngaphansi kwama-300°C futhi iqala ukuncibilikisa cishe ama-350°C, kodwa ayiboli, izinga lokushisa layo lokubola lingaba ngu-440~450°C. I-MCA iqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, kulula kakhulu ukumunca umswakama, ukuphelelwa amanzi okushisa okuphezulu kube amalahle, ukushisa igesi ye-nitrogen, ukunciphisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo kanye nokubola kwe-polymer okukhiqizwa yigesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye ne-convection yokushisa kususa ingxenye yokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeke ngomsebenzi wokuvimbela ilangabi.
I-MCA isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-raber, nylon, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, acrylic emulsions kanye namanye ama-olefin resins. I-MCA isetshenziswa njengesivimbeli somlilo sama-epoxy resins. Inkomba ye-oxygen inyuswa kusuka ku-24% kuya ku-28% kuya ku-46% kuya ku-48% futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezingxenyeni zikagesi ezivimbeli zomlilo. Ingezwa kuma-vinyl acetate emulsions, ama-acrylate emulsions kanye nama-raber emulsions ukuze kwenziwe izembozo ezivimbeli zomlilo ezinokunamathela okuhle kakhulu kanye nokushelela, futhi akukho ukungcola kombala.
I-MCA iyi-triazine flame retardant enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo noma ukuxuba nezinye izinto ezivimbela ilangabi kusebenza kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-melamine yodwa.
Ama-phosphonates e-Melamine
Ama-phosphonates e-Melamine angalungiswa nge-melamine kanye ne-monophenylphosphonic acid. Okubi ukuthi kunzima ukuyilungisa futhi ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingaphumi uma ixutshwa nama-polyolefin, kwenziwa i-degassing. Lokhu kuvimbela ilangabi kungadala nokungcola kombala. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi njengesivimbela ilangabi sama-polyolefin kanye ne-polystyrene.
I-Melamine pyrophosphate
I-Melamine pyrophosphate ingakhiqizwa ngokwelapha i-melamine nge-phosphoric acid bese iyifudumeza ku-250-270°C. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezivimbela ilangabi zemicu, izindwangu kanye nezinye izinto zepulasitiki, kodwa umphumela ovimbela ilangabi kumapulasitiki e-polyurethane awanelisi, kuyilapho i-melamine pyrophosphate ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuvimbela ilangabi kumapulasitiki e-polyurethane. I-polypropylene evimbela ilangabi ngomkhiqizo wayo wokusabela nge-pentaerythritol noma umkhiqizo wayo wokusabela nge-pentaerythritol kanye ne-phosphoric acid nayo ingakha into yokubilisa evuthayo engashisi, engaconsi amanzi.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe noma amasampula wamahhala noma izingcaphuno zamanani, sicela usithinte nge-imeyili: [email protected] , noma usithumelele izwi ku: +86-28-8411-1861.
Ezinye izithombe nemibhalo kukhiqizwa kabusha ku-inthanethi, futhi i-copyright ingeyombhali wokuqala. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela usithinte ukuze ukususe.