Le nto entsha iyi-polymer enezinhlangothi ezimbili, eyenziwe nge -melamine , ezihlanganisa ngokwayo ibe amashidi, ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye ama-polymer, akha amaketanga afana ne-spaghetti anobukhulu obubodwa. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhuthaza ama-polymer ukuthi akhe amashidi e-2D.
Izinto ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa njengendwangu engasindi, eqinile yezingxenye zemoto noma omakhalekhukhwini, noma njengempahla yokwakha yamabhuloho noma ezinye izakhiwo, kusho uMichael Strano, uProfesa weCarbon P. Dubbs weChemical Engineering e-MIT kanye nomlobi ophezulu wocwaningo olusha.
“Asivamisile ukucabanga ngamapulasitiki njengento ongayisebenzisa ukuze usekele isakhiwo, kodwa ngale nto ungenza izinto ezintsha zikwazi ukwenza izinto ezintsha,” usho kanje. “Inezakhiwo ezingajwayelekile futhi kusijabulele kakhulu lokho.”
Abacwaningi bafake izicelo zamalungelo obunikazi amabili ngenqubo abayisebenzisele ukukhiqiza izinto, abazichaza ephepheni elivela namuhla ku- Nature . I-MIT postdoc uYuwen Zeng ungumbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo.
Izilinganiso ezimbili
Ama-polymers, ahlanganisa wonke amapulasitiki, ahlanganisa amaketanga okwakha abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers. Lamaketango akhula ngokwengeza ama-molecule amasha emaphethelweni awo. Uma esebunjiwe, ama-polymers angabunjwa abe yizinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu, njengamabhodlela amanzi, kusetshenziswa ukubumba komjovo.
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi be-polymer becabanga ukuthi uma ama-polymer engase engwe ukuthi akhule abe ishidi elinezinhlangothi ezimbili, kufanele akhe izinto eziqinile kakhulu, ezingasindi. Kodwa-ke, amashumi eminyaka amaningi omsebenzi kulo mkhakha aholela esiphethweni sokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala amashidi anjalo. Esinye isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuthi uma i-monomer eyodwa nje izungeza phezulu noma phansi, ngaphandle kwendiza yeshidi elikhulayo, impahla izoqala ukwanda ngezilinganiso ezintathu futhi isakhiwo esifana neshidi sizolahleka.
Kodwa-ke, ocwaningweni olusha, uStrano nozakwabo baqhamuke nenqubo entsha ye-polymerization ebavumela ukuthi bakhiqize ishidi elinezinhlangothi ezimbili elibizwa ngokuthi i-polyaramide. Kumabhulokhi wokwakha we-monomer, basebenzisa inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-melamine, equkethe indandatho ye-carbon ne-athomu ye-nitrogen. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, lawa ma-monomers angakhula ngezilinganiso ezimbili, enze amadiski. Lawa madiski anqwabelana phezu kwamanye, ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngamabhondi e-hydrogen phakathi kwezingqimba, okwenza isakhiwo sizinze futhi siqine.
"Esikhundleni sokwenza i-molecule efana ne-spaghetti, singenza indiza ye-molecule efana neshidi, lapho sithola khona ama-molecule ukuze azihlanganise ndawonye ngezilinganiso ezimbili," kusho uStrano. "Lo mshini uzenzakalela ngesixazululo, futhi ngemuva kokuhlanganisa izinto, singakwazi ukuphotha kalula amafilimu amancanyana aqine ngendlela emangalisayo."
Ngenxa yokuthi impahla iyazihlanganisa ngesixazululo, ingenziwa ngobuningi ngokumane ikhulise ubuningi bezinto zokuqala. Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi bangakwazi ukumboza izindawo ezingaphezulu ngamafilimu wezinto ezibonakalayo, abazibiza nge-2DPA-1.
"Ngalokhu kusenesikhathi, sinama-molecule ahleliwe azoba lula kakhulu ukuwenza abe yinto enamandla kakhulu, kodwa emincane kakhulu," kusho uStrano.
Ukukhanya kodwa okuqinile
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-elastic modulus yento entsha - isilinganiso sokuthi angakanani amandla adingekayo ukuze kukhubazeke into - iphakathi kokuphindwe kane kuya kweziyisithupha kunengilazi engangenwa izinhlamvu. Baphinde bathola ukuthi amandla ayo okukhiqiza, noma angakanani amandla adingekayo ukuphula impahla, aphindwe kabili kunawensimbi, nakuba impahla inengxenye eyodwa kwesithupha kuphela yokuminyana kwensimbi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile se-2DPA-1 ukuthi ayingeneli kumagesi. Ngenkathi amanye ama-polymer enziwe ngamaketanga ahlanganisiwe anezikhala ezivumela amagesi ukuthi adlule, into entsha yenziwe ngama-monomer akhiye ndawonye njengama-LEGO, futhi ama-molecule awakwazi ukungena phakathi kwawo.
"Lokhu kungasivumela ukuthi sakhe i-ultrathin coatings engavimbela ngokuphelele amanzi noma amagesi ukuthi angangeni," kusho uStrano. "Lolu hlobo lwe-barrier coating lungasetshenziswa ukuvikela insimbi ezimotweni nakwezinye izimoto, noma ezakhiweni zensimbi."
UStrano nabafundi bakhe manje sebefunda kabanzi ngokuthi le polymer ikwazi kanjani ukwakha amashidi e-2D, futhi bazama ukushintsha ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana ukuze bakhe ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezinoveli.
Lolu cwaningo luxhaswe yiCentre for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport (CENT) i-Energy Frontier Research Center exhaswe uMnyango Wezamandla Wehhovisi leSayensi wase-US, kanye ne-Army Research Laboratory.
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